ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of the losartan combined with atorvastatin on patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods 122 patients with DN were randomly divided into two groups,61 cases in the control group were received conventional therapy and added the losartan,61 cases in the observation group were treated by atorvastatin on the basis of the control group.The treatment time was 12weeks for each group.After 12 weeks,the systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),triglycerides (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),fasting blood glucose (FBG),urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER),serum creatinine (Scr),and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAIc) were measured.Results The total effective rate was 93.44％ in the observation group,and 75.41％ in the control group,with a statistically significant difference between two groups (x2 =7.54,P ＜ 0.01).After 12 weeks,the SBP and DBP were all changed more than before,DBP decreased more significantly (SBP:t =16.25,17.34,P ＜0.01 ;DBP:t =18.10,17.04,P ＜0.01); FBG,UAER,and HbAlc in the control group were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05) ; the TG,TC,LDL,-C HDL,-CFBG,UAER,Scr,and HbAlc of the observed group were significantly reduced more,too.TG,TC,UAER,and Scr of the observed group were significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The losartan combined with atorvastatin that were used to treat patients with DN can reduce the urine albumin and protect the renal function.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the binding capability of microbubbles targeted to VCAM-1 using the parallel plate flow chamber mimic the pulsatile high-shear flow conditions of artery. Methods Targeted microbubbles were designed by conjugating monoclonal antibodies against mouse VCAM-1 to the lipid shell of the microbubbles via an "avidin-biotin" bridge. The binding and retention of targeted microbubbles to VCAM-1 (MBv) immobilized on a culture dish were assessed in a flow chamber at variable shear stress (0.5～ 16.0 dynes/cm2 ). The pulsatile flow conditions were generated and compared to the continuous flow conditions. The retentive ability of MBv was evaluated by the detachment test. Results The marked binding of MBv were seen in pulsatile and continuous flow conditions at low-shear flow conditions of 0.5 ～ 2dyn/cm2 ,but the binding rate in the pulsatile flow group was higher ( P ＜0. 05) than that in the continuous flow conditions. Furthermore,the marked binding of MBv was still noted at the highest shear rates (4～8dyn/cm2) under pulsatile flow conditions, while it was not observed under continuous flow conditions. The half detachment rate of MBv was high up to (20.7 ± 3. 1)dyn/cm2. Conclusions The targeted microbubbles binding to VCAM-1 specific and effective at high-shear stress under pulsatile flow conditions. The molecular ultrasound imaging can be potentially used in the high-shear conditions artery system.